比较级就是将二者进行比较产生的词形,是由形容词或
副词原级转化而来,一般是在原级后面加er,也有一些不规则的转化,比如good—better,bad—worse,有很多。相对二者的比较,还有三者及以上的比较,这时就产生了最高级。在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加more(如more natural,more clearly)或加后缀-er(newer,sooner)。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中,将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。其中,像“A比B更……”的
表达方式称为比较级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或
副词变化成比较级的形态。
语法构成
语法应用
一般情况
1.表示"比...更"。用比较级形容词+than+比较成分,than后主词的述语动词往往省略,非正式用法的than后的人称代名词可用宾格。
He is younger than me.
他比我年轻。
I am a better swimmer than he(him).
我游泳比他好。
2.表示"较...低;不及..."用less+原级形容词+than+比较成分。
I am less young than he (is).
我不比他年轻。
3.表示两者之中"较...",用the+比较级+of the two。
This one is the bigger of the two houses.
这所房子是两座房子中较大的。
4.定冠词或指示形容词+比较级+名词表示比较。
The taller boy is John.
那个身材较高的男孩子是约翰。
5.有少数以ior结尾的形容词,如inferior(次于),junior(年幼的;下级的),posterior(之后),prior(之前),senior(年长的,上级的),
superior(优于)等本身就有比较的意思,常与介系词to连用。
This method is superior to that one.
这种方法优于那种方法。
6.比较形容词可以被
副词如a little(一点),much(很多),even(更加),still(更加),far(...的多)等修饰,但不可用very修饰。
翻译:现在的生活简单得多了。(误)Life is very easier than it was twenty years ago.(正)Life is very much easier than it was twenty years ago.
特殊情况
无比较级单词
同样,此类词汇的另一个特点是:不能用表示程度的
副词如(very ,so)等等来修饰.
例如:very dead, so awake是错误的
基本句型
同级比较
降级比较
特殊句型
比较级表示最高级
英语中用比较级句型可以表最高级的含义,较为常见的有下列几种形式:
1、直接使用比较级
① How beautiful she sings! I've never heard a better voice. = She has the best voice I've ever heard. ② I have never read a more interesting novel. = It is the most interesting novel I've ever read.
any other + n.(单)
2、比较级+ than + the other +n.(复)
any of the other + n.(复)
① She goes to school earlier than the other girls. ② He works harder than any other student.
③ China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
3、比较级 + than + anything/ anyone else ① George did more work than anyone else.
② Tom cared more for money than for anything else.
4、在比较句型中使用 "no", "nobody", "nothing" + better than… 等词。 ① I like nothing better than swimming. ② Nobody can do the work better than he did. ③ No other building is as grand as the new hotel.
5、one of + the +adj.最高级 + n.(复) “最 „„的„„之一” eg. Paper-making is one of the greatest inventions of ancient China.
6、the +
序数词 + adj.最高级 + n.(单) + in短语“第几(长、大、远)„„” eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
7、adj.最高级可用在选择疑问句中,常用句型:Which/ Who … A, B or C? eg. Which city is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Chongqing?
8、当adj.最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时,省掉最高级前的定冠词the。
eg. Linda is my sister’s best friend.
注意事项
考题思路
关键词答题
⒈ The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ______.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
【解析】答案选B。做此题的关键词是new,即把“新来的学生”与“早些时候呆在这儿的学生”进行比较。全句意为:新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。
⒉ —Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes,the job is ______ I could do myself.
A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
【解析】答案选B。做此题要抓的关键词是yes,由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗?”作了肯定回答,说明答话者独自完成工作有困难,故填more than。
⒊ Of the two coats,I’d choose the ______ one to spare some money for a book.
A.most expensive B. cheaper C. more expensive D. cheapest
【解析】答案选B。关键词是句中的two,因是两者比较,可将答案锁定在B和C之间;再根据句意,排除C。
通过分析隐含意思答题
⒈ There is an old proverb,“Love me,love my dog. ” But there is ______ wisdom in this: “Love me,love my book.”
A. some B. much C. more D. most
【解析】答案选C。这道题出得非常巧妙,句中既没有显示比较级的关键词,也没有暗示用比较级的than。而是将“Love me,love my dog”与“Love me,love my book”两句进行比较,要求考生根据这两句话的内容确定哪句话更有wisdom。
⒉ With April 18’s railway speedup,highway and air transport will have to compete with ______ service for passengers.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
【解析】答案选B。句子大意为:由于铁路提速了,所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“高速公路和航空”与“铁路”比较,故用比较级。
⒊ The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ______ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
【解析】B。题目中将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较,故用比较级。句意为:史密斯家人晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。
⒋ Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably his ______ one.
A. better-known B. best-known C. well-known D. most-known
【解析】B。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较,故用最高级。
修饰关系答题
⒈ After two years’ research,we now have a ______ better understanding of the disease.
A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
【解析】B。这四个
副词中,通常只有far可用于修饰比较。注:quite有时也可用于修饰比较better,但它只用于表示“身体康复”,不用于其他意义。
⒉ Work gets done ______ when people do it together,and the rewards are higher too.
A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier
【解析】C。根据题意可知,说话者是将 when people do it together 和 when people don’t do it together 这两种情况比较,故选比较级。注意不要选 D,因为在此题是要用
副词修饰动词,不能用形容词。另外,根据句末的 higher too 也可知道此题是考查比较级。
重要考点
比较等级的基本用法
⒈ Of the two sisters,Betty is _________ one,and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (安徽卷)
A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest
【解析】答案选C。根据句中的of the two sisters可知,此题涉及的是两者比较,故用比较级;另外,由于是特指两者中的一个,故其前用定冠词,不用不定冠词。
⒉ Of the two coats,I’d choose the _________ one to spare some money for a book. (
四川省卷)
A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
【解析】答案选B。故用比较级,可将答案锁定在B和C之间;再根据句意,排除C。
⒊ Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably his _________ one. (全国卷Ⅱ)
A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
【解析】答案选C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较,故用最高级。
在语境中比较等级的用法
⒈ I don’t think this
电影 is by far the most boring. I have seen _________. (
江西省卷)
A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst
【解析】答案选B。既然前文说“这不是最最烦人的电影”,那么下文说的肯定就“还有更糟的”,故用worse。有意思的是,2006年的这道江西卷的考题与下面这道2004年的
湖南省卷极为相似:
That doesn’t sound very frightening. Paul,I’ve seen _________. What did you like most about the
电影? (湖南卷)
A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
由前句“这听起来并不十分令人恐惧”可知,说话人曾见过比这个更令人恐惧的事,所以用比较级worse。
⒊ There is an old proverb,“Love me,love my dog. ” But there is _________ wisdom in this: “Love me,love my book.” (
湖南省卷)
A. some B. much C. more D. most
【解析】答案选C。由于是将“Love me,love my dog”与“Love me,love my book”进行比较,故用比较级。此题的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现than,而是给出两个待比较的proverb。
⒋ With April 18’s railway speedup,highway and air transport will have to compete with _________ service for passengers. (
江苏省卷)
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
【解析】答案选B。句子大意为:由于铁路提速了,所以公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“公路和航空”与“铁路”比较,故用比较级。
“否定词+a+比较级”结构
⒈ Your story is perfect. I’ve never heard _________ before.(全国卷Ⅲ)
A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one
【解析】答案选C。“否定词(尤其是never)+a+比较级”的意思是“从来没有……一个更……的”,这类结构通常可视为在其后省略了一个than…短语,做题时要注意根据具体的语境作出正确的理解,如:I have never read a better article. 我从未读过(比这篇文章)更好的文章(=这是我所读过的最好的文章)。I have never seen a worse
电影 我从没看过(比这部电影)更糟的电影(=这是我所看过的最糟的电影)。本题中的I’ve never heard a better one before的意思是“我从未听到过(比你这个事故)更好听的事故”。
⒉ —Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Yes. I’ve never been to _________ one before.(
四川省卷)
A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
【解析】答案选C。I’ve never been to a more exciting one before实为I’ve never been to a more exciting one before than this one.其意为“我从未参加过比这个晚会更令人兴奋的晚会”,即“这是我参加过最令人兴奋的晚会”。又如:I’ve never had a worse morning than today.我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。若意思明确,有时可省略than结构:He is fine,never better.他很好,比以往任何时候都好。
注意:有时根据不同语法结构的需要,也可能没有不定冠词。如:
No news could be more delightful to me.这消息最令我高兴。
I have never drunk better beer.我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
比较等级的修饰语
After two years’ research,we now have a _________ better understanding of the disease.(全国卷Ⅱ)
A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
【解析】答案选B。这四个
副词中,通常只有far可用于修饰比较级。注:quite有时也可用于修饰比较级better,但它只用于表示“身体康复”,不用于其他意义。
相似比较级结构的区别
—Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes. The job is _________ I could do myself.(
福建省卷)
A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
【解析】答案选B。比较:less than意为“少于”;more than意为“多于,超过”;no more than意为“只有,只是”;not more than意为“不多于,至多”。做好此题的关键是注意句中的Yes,由于答话者做了肯定回答,说明答话者工作有些力不从心,所以填more than。
近义比较的区别
This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _________
H₂O and
电学 than _________ models.(北京卷)
A. less; older B. less; elder C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder
【解析】答案选A。less为little的比较级,主要用于修饰
不可数名词,fewer为few的比较,主要用于修饰可数名词,据此可排除C和D,因为fewer不能用于修饰water;older与elder的区别之一是前者既可用于修饰人,也可用于修饰事物,而后者只用于修饰人,不用于修饰事物,故只能选A。
as…as结构的用法及修饰语的位置
⒈It is reported that the United States uses _________
能量 as the whole of Europe.(
广西壮族自治区卷)
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
【解析】答案选D。由energy后的as可知,此题是考查as…as…结构。根据英语语法习惯,修饰as…as…结构的
副词只能置于as…as…结构之前,不能置于其中。又如:Du Jiejie went out with a man
TWICE as old as her.杜姐姐和一个年龄比她大一倍的男子来往。It cost three times as much as I had expected.它花的钱比我预期的多两倍。
⒉He speaks English indeed,but of course not _________a native speaker.(上海卷)
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
【解析】答案选C。因为修饰动词speaks要用
副词,排除A和B;又因为than只能用于比较级后而不能位于原级后,排除D。句意是:他的英语讲得的确不错,不过,当然不如英语本族人讲得流利。